ESSAYS
1. 35 year old individual was found to have mild pallor and
BP of 160/100 mmHg on routine medical examination. On evaluation blood urea and serum
creatinine were raised. Answer the following:
• What is your probable diagnosis
• What are the etiological factors for his renal condition
• What complications or adverse effects can occur in this
condition
• What are the modalities of treatment available
(2+3+3+2=10)
2. 15 years old male was admitted to the hospital with
history of swelling of the face, oliguria, Hematuria and his BP was 160/100mmhg. Answer the following:
- What is your diagnosis
- Mention the various causes.
- What are the complications
- Discuss the management. (2+3+2+3)
3. 40 years old male presents with generalized anasarca and
decreased urine output for one month. On examination BP 120/80. Proteinurea of 3.5 gm/24
hours and serum albumin 2 gm%. Answer the following:
- What is the likely diagnosis.
- How do you investigate this patient.
- What differential diagnosis will you consider.
- How are you going to treat this patient. (1+3+3+3=10)
SHORT NOTES
- Polyuria
- List causes of polyuria
- Hemodialysis
- Indications for hemodialysis
- Indications for haemodialysis in acute renal failure
- Causes of acute renal failure
- Causes of acute kidney injury
- Causes of chronic kidney injury
- Mention the causes for chronic kidney disease
- Drug induced renal injury
- Lupus nephritis
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
- List emergency complications of acute glomerular nephritis
- Definition of nephrotic syndrome
- Clinical features of nephrotic syndrome
- Management of nephrotic syndrome
- Definition of acute nephritic syndrome
- Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities
- Complications of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Erythropoietin
- Mention four manifestations of adult polycystic kidney disease.
- Bence Jones proteinuria
- Proteinuria
- Causes of proteinuria
- Mention four complications of diuretic therapy
- Renal causes of secondary hypertension
- Renal transplant
- Indications for renal biopsy
- Differential diagnosis of peripheral edema
