This section contains chapter wise arrangement of Previously asked questions in MBBS Degree Examinations conducted by KUHS(Kerala University of Health Sciences)
- Discuss the factors affecting cardiac output and add a note on Brainbridge reflex
- Explain the ionic basis of pace maker potential with the aid of labeled diagram. Mention the changes during sympathetic stimulation
- Long term regulation of blood pressure
- Jugular venous pulse
- Origin and spread of cardiac impulse
- Special features of coronary circulation/ Describe the peculiarities of the coronary circulation
- First and second heart sounds
- Starling's forces in capillary fluid exchange
- P-R interval
- Venous return
- Factors influencing venous return
- End – diastolic ventricular volume
- Differences between the actions of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline on cardiovascular system
Explain the Physiological basis
- Coronary arteries are perfused during diastole
- Korotkoffs sounds
- Q wave in an ECG
- Cardiac muscle cannot be tetanized
- Change of posture from supine to standing causes tachycardia
- Raised intracranial pressure causes bradycardia and hypertension
- Physiological shunt
- Resting bradycardia in athletes
- Pace maker potential
- Prolonged standing results in fainting attacks
- Prolonged action potential in cardiac muscle
Draw and Label
- Normal E C G in Lead II
- Cardiac cycle
- Right ventricular pressure curve during a normal cardiac cycle
- Left ventricular pressure changes recorded during normal cardiac cycle
- Pacemaker potential
- Cardiac muscle action potential
- Conducting system of heart
Cases
1. A 55 year old obese man complained of head ache,
giddiness, and irritability for the last two months. On examination by a
doctor, his BP was found to be 130/100 mm Hg by auscultatory method. Three days
later he visited another doctor. According to him, his BP was found to be
170/100 mm Hg after using both palpatory and auscultatory methods.
- What is the correct BP in this patient and why
- What is the cause for this difference in the recording?
- Define mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure giving their values
- Describe the possible renal mechanism causing hypertension
- Mention physiological basis for management of hypertension (2+2+2+2+2=10)
2. A 60 year old man presented with acute retro sternal
chest pain radiating to the inner aspect of left arm. The ECG showed ST segment
elevation in some of the leads.
- What is the most probable diagnosis?
- What are the other ECG changes that may occur in this condition?
- Explain the leads used in recording ECG
- With the help of a diagram describe the waves, intervals and segments of normal ECG recording in Lead 1 (1+1+2+6=10)
3. A 60-year-old man complaints of chest pain on exertion,
radiating to his left arm and severe shortness of breath. Answer the following:
- What is the most probable condition he is suffering from
- Mention the most common investigation done in such a patient and describe with the help of a diagram the changes that are expected in this patient
- What are the functional features of coronary circulation (1+5+4=10)
4. A 45 years old man is having high blood pressure. Answer
the following
- What are the probable causes of high blood pressure.
- Mention and explain the determinants of blood pressure
- Describe the neural regulation of blood pressure. (2+4+4=10)
