ESSAYS
1.A 20 years old young patient was admitted to emergency
ward with history of prolonged fever and acute onset breathlessness. On examination
systolic murmur heard at apex.
Answer the following:
- What is your diagnosis
- Discuss the etiology and clinical features.
- Add a note on investigations.
- Discuss the treatment. (2+3+2+3)
2.A 50 years old male chronic alcoholic, smoker, high blood
pressure and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus has presented with central chest pain
with sweating for past one hour.
His blood pressure is 180/100mm Hg and blood sugar 400
mg/dl. Answer the following: (2+3+3+2)
- What is your probable diagnosis
- How will you confirm the diagnosis
- How will you treat this condition
- How will you prevent the recurrence
3. 18 years old male came to outpatient department with
fever, joint pain and swelling of right knee and chest pain. On examination there is relative
tachycardia, pansystolic murmur in mitral area and ECG shows prolongation of PR interval. Answer the following:
- What is your diagnosis.
- How do you investigate this patient.
- What are the compications.
- How do you manage this patient. (1+2+3+4=10)
4. 52 years old male who is a
chronic smoker having cough with expectoration and breathlessness comes to outpatient department with weakness and swelling of legs for last one week. On examination JVP is elevated and right ventricular third heart sound heard and there is tender hepatomegaly. Answer the following:
- What is your diagnosis.
- How are you going to investigate.
- Discuss the management.
- What are the complications. (2+3+2+3=10)
5. A 45 years old man develops
progressive breathlessness and swelling of both the feet. On examination respiratory rate
was of 22/mt, heart rate of 96/mt. and BP 100/70 mm of hg. JVP raised 14cms and both a and v waves were seen. On auscultation 3rd heart sound and bilateral fine crepitation were present. Liver was palpable 3cms below costal margin. There is no free fluid in the abdomen. Answer the following:
- What is your probable diagnosis.
- What other causes can cause this condition
- How will you confirm the diagnosis.
- How will you treat this condition (2+3+2+3=10)
6. An 18 years old male presented with exertional dyspnea,
PND and palpitation. On examination his pulse was irregularly irregular with a pulse
deficit of more than 1
Cardiac examination revealed loud first heart sound, opening
snap with a mid diastolic murmur. Answer the following:
- What is the complete diagnosis
- What are the complications.
- Discuss the management. (2+4+4=10)
7. 25 years old male
presents with history of fever for 15 days. On examination patient is febrile. Pallor and clubbing are present. He has a pan
systolic murmur at the apex.
Answer the following:
- What is your probable diagnosis.
- How will you confirm the diagnosis.
- How will you treat this condition.
- How will you prevent the recurrence of this disease (2+3+2+3=10)
8. 45 years old obese individual who is a smoker presented with
acute onset chest pain and profuse sweating. Answer the following: (2+3+3+2)
- What is the differential diagnosis
- How will you confirm the diagnosis
- How will you treat this patient
- What advice will you give him to prevent recurrence of this condition
SHORT NOTES
- List causes for irregularly irregular pulse
- Clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Causes of aortic stenosis
- Chest X-ray in mitral stenosis
- Management of mitral regurgitation
- Cardiac troponins
- Cardiac enzymes
- Myocardial infarction
- List risk factors for acute myocardial infarction
- Complications of myocardial infarction
- Causes of sinus bradycardia
- Atrial fibrillation
- Management of atrial fibrillation
- Management of permanent atrial fibrillation
- Management of supra ventricular tachycardia
- Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs
- Causes of secondary hypertension
- Renal causes of secondary hypertension
- Endocrine causes of secondary hypertension
- Hypertensive emergencies
- Prophylaxis for acute rheumatic fever
- Non cardiac causes of pulmonary oedema
- List ACE inhibitors
- Features of Fallot’s tetralogy
- Low molecular weight heparins
- Unstable angina
- Stable angina
- Oral anticoagulants
- Pericarditis
- Clinical features of constrictive pericarditis
- Cyanosis
- Statins
